Business Intelligence Advancement Expert – Business intelligence has been in development for 150 years. The history of BI provides a fascinating picture of how computers played a key role in the use of BI tools, and how mathematics has become popular again in the 21st century. how
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Business Intelligence Advancement Expert
Paulo is a certified Project/Program Manager. Having spent nearly 20 years in IT, with a focus on BI, software development. and IT infrastructure
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Business intelligence (BI), which is a term related to information technology today. It has been in development for over 150 years, although its origins predate the invention of computers. But it was only after its ubiquity that BI became more relevant, and henceforth the development of business intelligence was matched by the evolution of computers and databases.
The first widespread use of the term “business intelligence” is credited to Richard Miller Devens in his book Cyclopædia of Commercial and Business Anecdotes, first published in 1865. He used the term to describe Sir Henry Furnese. Who is a successful banker and how does he make a profit? of information by collecting and actively processing it before his competition. This suggests that using data and empirical evidence is more reliable than using intuition in developing business strategies. This idea was further refined by others who saw value in the information.
In the final decade of the 1800s, Frederick Taylor introduced the first formal business analysis system in the United States. His scientific management system began with time-based studies that analyzed production techniques and workers’ physical movements to find greater efficiency that stimulated industrial production.
Taylor ended up becoming a consultant to Henry Ford, who in the early 1900s began measuring the time it took each component of a Ford Model T on his production line to complete. His work and achievements revolutionized the global manufacturing industry. But he still uses pen and paper for that.
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Electronic computers were embryonic in the 1930s but developed rapidly during World War II. It was part of the Allied effort to crack the German code.
Until the 1950s, most computers relied on punched cards or punched tape to store data. These were large stacks of cards with small holes in them that would store data to be processed by a computer. However, in 1956, IBM invented the first hard disk drive. This makes it possible to store large amounts of data with greater flexibility in accessing it.
Not long after, in 1958, IBM researcher Hans Peter Luhn published a historic article titled A Business Intelligence System. He theorized about the system’s potential for “Selective distribution” of documents is “Action points” based on “interest profiles” His work is incredibly important to this day. He has since predicted several business intelligence trends that are cutting edge today, such as the ability of information systems to learn and make predictions based on user interests. We now call it machine learning. Luhn is widely considered the father of business intelligence.
Although Luhn’s proposed idea has caught the attention of many stakeholders, But the idea was considered too expensive at the time to be practical. More technological advancements are needed to make this an economically viable solution.
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In the next decade The use of computers is expanding rapidly. Even considering that each computer is a giant machine that takes up an entire floor of a building. and must be managed by several highly skilled engineers to function properly. Experts have once again tackled the idea of using computers to draw conclusions from data. But the main problem is that there is no centralized way to collect all the information in one place. Data by itself cannot generate any insights to solve this challenge. The first database management system was thus designed. Later it will be called a database. This first version allowed for the first database searches using a binary tree strategy. This strategy, although solving many problems at the time, But it is currently considered too heavy and inefficient. However, for companies that can afford it, This new tool provides value. and is ultimately used to draw conclusions from the available data.
In 1970, IBM’s Edgar Codd published a paper titled A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks, paving the way for the next generation of relational databases. This allows for a much broader range of data storage and management. However, in a bizarre move, IBM refrained from using Codd’s design in order to preserve revenue for its current database system. It was only after competitors began adopting it that IBM followed suit.
In the evolution of Business Intelligence, this is where there is enough market to open for the first Business Intelligence providers to emerge. One of them, SAP, Siebel, and JD Edwards at the time were called decision support systems (DSS).
The big problem at this point is that these databases suffer from “silos” because they are one-dimensional. Flexibility in use is therefore very limited. Even a simple problem like one database coding cities as “OH, NJ, and NY” while another uses “Ohio, New Jersey, and NY” makes cross-referencing a daunting task.
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However, there are increasingly successful cases of profitable data use. One of the most famous ones at the time came from Nielsen. A marketing tool called Nielsen Rating was used for audience measurement. It’s used to measure how many people are watching a particular TV program at any given time using a device called an Audimeter, which connects to a television and records which channel. is being watched
Nielsen ratings are the television industry’s most widely viewed national ratings report, however there are four “dark weeks” per year. That’s a week in which Nielsen ratings aren’t reported because there’s no sure way to measure ratings in the period. These “dark weeks” require TV networks to carry reruns on their schedules.
Both the industry and listeners are familiar with The “dark weeks” were already over, but they ended in September 1973. Nielsen launched the Storage Instantaneous Audimeter (SIA), which connected 1,200 households directly to the company’s business intelligence computers in Florida. Achieve national ratings in just 36 hours, much less than the one to two weeks it took with the company’s old system. National rankings are available every day of the week. every week of the year There is no need to have There are no longer “dark weeks” and information is more readily available.
Near the end of the ’70s, Larry Ellison and two friends released the first commercial version of the Oracle database. It was the first true relational database management system on the market. It replaced the until then concepts of hierarchical databases and network databases to achieve a more robust structure. This makes search more flexible. This technology will shape the history and trends of BI for decades to come.
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Lower prices for better data storage and databases enable the next generation of business intelligence solutions. Ralph Kimball and Bill Inmon offer two different but similar strategies for solving the problem of keeping all of a business’s data organized. in the same place so they can be analyzed These are Data Warehouses (DW). Inmon is recognized by many. He is said to be the father of data storage.
A data warehouse is a database designed to collect large amounts of data from other sources. (Mostly other databases) allow for deeper analysis with the ability to cross-reference these different data sources. However, they are too technical and expensive. Reports need to be processed and maintained by expensive IT technical staff.
Senior executives at the time had to rely on the results of BI solutions such as Crystal Reports and Microstrategy. And then, of course, there’s Microsoft Excel (introduced in 1985). Business intelligence has become an essential part of the tools for the decision-making process.
In 1989, Howard Dresdner of the Gartner Group coined the term “Business intelligence” is widely used as a descriptive term. “Concepts and Methods for Improving Business Decision Making Using Fact-Based Support Systems.”
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During the 90s, data warehousing costs decreased as more competitors entered the market. And IT professionals are becoming more familiar with this technology. In the history and evolution of Business Intelligence, this is the moment of “Business Intelligence 1.0”.
The information is now publicly accessible to the average company employee. Not just senior executives, however, the problem at this point is that asking new questions is still very expensive. Once a question is “designed” the answer is quickly available. But only for that question.
To reduce this effort New tools and and To speed up the search process, “building blocks” have been developed:
This was a time when enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems were popular. These are large management software platforms that integrate applications to manage and automate various aspects of a business. of business is automated They also provide structured data for data warehouses and in the coming years will become the heart of every major company in the world.
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In 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95.
